The Sanitation Crisis

As established, many of the prevalent Sanitation issues exist in informal and insecure settlements in Sub-Saharan Africa. These prove to be huge challenges on which to base estimates for the implementation of technology and ascertaining who holds the right to what as these areas are often unregulated and circumvent tax systems meaning that citizens are undocumented and unaccounted for. I have introduced the possible solutions and approaches to the sanitation crisis in Africa and I will now go on explore a more complex issue behind these solutions which is the cost of sanitation and the obstacles around this that prevail. We have established that a lack of safe water is central to the sanitation crisis, this water infrastructure (the water system life cycle),  'has four main activities: construction, operation, maintenance and demolition of the systems. Within the operation activity, there are eight life-cycle stages' (Jones et al 2012, 234*) already the complexity of the pro